Ceramics, porcelain, earthenware and stoneware - we encounter all of these materials in everyday life in the form of tableware, vases and decorative elements. But what constitutes which material and what is the difference between porcelain, ceramic, stoneware and earthenware?
Ceramics can be divided into three main categories: porcelain, stoneware and earthenware. Although they appear similar at first glance, the materials differ significantly in their production, composition and quality. In our Rosenthal guide, we explain the differences and what is important when choosing the right material, especially for tableware.
Ceramics consist of the materials clay, loam and water. However, ceramics is also the generic term for products that are made from clay or clay-like raw materials and fired.
The three main categories of ceramics are
Porcelain
stoneware
earthenware
Porcelain is therefore a specific type of ceramic, as are stoneware and earthenware. The various materials differ in their composition, firing temperature and properties. The burning process in combination with the raw materials determines whether the end product is rather fine and translucent or coarse and robust.
The typical properties of ceramics include their hardness, resistance and versatility in design. Whether for everyday use or as a decorative element, ceramics are very popular due to their diverse properties and shapes - especially when it comes to high-quality tableware.
Porcelain is considered the noblest and highest quality form of ceramic. Porcelain is a symbol of timeless elegance - a material that has stood for the highest level of craftsmanship and exquisite beauty for centuries thanks to its delicate transparency and flawless surface.
Porcelain is made from particularly fine kaolin, quartz and feldspar and fired at extremely high temperatures of up to 1,460 °C. This elaborate manufacturing process gives porcelain its incomparable hardness, durability and almost translucent appearance.
Properties of porcelain:
As a brand, Rosenthal is synonymous with porcelain and the highest level of craftsmanship and exclusive quality. Every Rosenthal porcelain item is manufactured with great care and reflects Rosenthal's long tradition and company history.
Although both porcelain and stoneware belong to the category of ceramics, there are significant differences in their composition and manufacturing process. Stoneware is made from a coarser-grained clay and is burned at lower temperatures than porcelain at around 1,200 °C. In contrast to porcelain, it is therefore less fine and not translucent.
The handcrafted character of stoneware is particularly evident in its composition: stoneware consists of a coarser-grained clay that is enriched with minerals such as quartz and feldspar. This mixture gives stoneware its characteristic density and robustness, making it more resistant to mechanical influences and temperature changes.
Porcelain: Porcelain impresses with its fine, smooth and translucent surface, which gives it an incomparable elegance. The high kaolin content ensures a flawless, fine texture and a slight transparency that gives porcelain a particularly elegant and high-quality appearance. This look makes it the ideal choice for festive occasions and sophisticated tableware where aesthetics and sophistication are paramount.
Stoneware: Stoneware has a rather matt and rustic look that radiates a natural, natural charm. Its thicker structure and coarse-grained composition make it appear more robust and is ideal for modern, minimalist or country-inspired designs. Stoneware offers a versatile aesthetic that is perfect for both everyday use and creative, decorative tableware arrangements.
The combination of stoneware and porcelain tableware in particular offers the opportunity to harmoniously unite different material and style worlds and create a unique table ambience. While Rosenthal porcelain sets festive accents with its timeless elegance and fine sheen, stoneware tableware from Rosenthal adds a natural, warm note that creates a cozy atmosphere. This mixture of elegant and rustic lends every table setting a special aesthetic and leaves room for individual design options.
Rosenthal offers precisely this stylish combination with its collections such as Rosenthal Junto and Rosenthal Joyn. The collections combine the finest porcelain elements with the robust look of stoneware, creating a harmonious interplay of elegance and naturalness - ideal for any occasion, whether festive or everyday.
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Earthenware is another sub-category of ceramics and is made from an even coarser-grained clay than stoneware. It is burned at lower temperatures of around 1,000 °C to 1,150 °C, making it softer and more porous. Compared to stoneware, earthenware is less dense and can easily absorb water, which is why it is often glazed to make it more resistant.
Hardness and robustness: Stoneware is harder and more robust than earthenware, which makes it more resistant to scratches and breakages.
Water absorption: While stoneware has low water absorption, earthenware is more susceptible to water damage due to its high porosity and therefore needs to be glazed.
Stoneware is considered to be of higher quality due to its more robust properties and lower porosity. Compared to earthenware, stoneware is made from a finer clay and burned at higher temperatures. This burning process results in lower porosity and higher strength, which makes stoneware more resistant to scratches, breakage and temperature changes.
This makes stoneware tableware ideal for everyday use, as it is both functional and durable.
At Rosenthal, we attach great importance to developing stoneware tableware products that not only impress with their durability, but also with their aesthetic design.
Porcelain and stoneware are both high-quality ceramics that depend entirely on individual taste and the desired ambience. While porcelain impresses with its elegance and delicacy, stoneware impresses with its robust and functional nature.
At Rosenthal, you will find both the finest porcelain and high-quality stoneware, offering the perfect choice for every occasion. However, it is not as simple as that, as Rosenthal's innovative design department also surprises with unique porcelain collections that emulate the handmade look of stoneware in their craftsmanship and combine the best of both worlds.
For example, the Rosenthal Bloom collection, which captures the charm of handmade stoneware with its organic design language and natural texture, while retaining the elegance and lightness of fine porcelain - ideal for a stylish yet modern table setting.
Whether you are looking for an elegant dinner service for special occasions or robust tableware for everyday use - Rosenthal offers you innovative design paired with unique quality that you can feel and experience.
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